哈萨克族心力衰竭患者血浆生长分化因子15和B型利钠肽的临床意义

目的:研究血浆生长分化因子15(GDF-15)、B型利钠肽(BNP)对新疆哈萨克族(哈族)心力衰竭(HF)的意义及与其严重程度之间的关系。方法:选取新疆哈族HF患者90例(NYHAⅡ～IV级)及哈族NYHAⅠ级患者30例为研究对象,均采取空腹静脉血,测定血浆BNP及GDF-15水平,同时超声心动图测定各项心功能指标。结果:哈族HF组患者血浆GDF-15和BNP水平明显高于对照组[GDF-15(132.14±56.36)ng/L∶(34.08±10.80)ng/L;BNP(273.78±93.37)ng/ml∶(82.80±15.18)ng/ml,P<0.01],并随NYHA心功能分级的增加而升高,各组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。哈族HF患者血浆GDF-15水平与血肌酐(Cr)、左心房前后径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、NYHA、BNP呈正相关(r=0.266、0.423、0.668、0.925、0.845,P<0.05);与左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(FS)呈显著负相关(r=-0.807、-0.733,P<0.01)。结论:哈族HF患者血浆GDF-15、BNP水平明显升高,与哈族HF程度密切相关,血浆GDF-15水平是判断哈族HF严重程度有价值的指标。     

2013－2021年新疆维吾尔自治区孕产妇乙型肝炎病毒检测及感染情况分析

  目的  分析新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）不同地区孕产妇乙型肝炎（乙肝）检测、感染情况和时空分布,为制定乙肝防控政策和措施提供参考依据。  方法  利用预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播信息管理系统监测数据,使用SPSS 25.0和Geoda 1.14软件,分析2013－2021年新疆孕产妇乙肝检测率、检测阳性率年度变化和检测阳性率时空分布特征。  结果  2013－2021年新疆孕产妇乙肝检测率从93.68%提升到了99.99%,孕期乙肝检测率从69.33%提升到了99.40%,乙肝感染孕产妇所生新生儿的乙肝免疫球蛋白注射率从96.11%提升到了99.79%,孕产妇乙肝检测阳性率从2013年的2.60%下降到2021年的2.36%。 乙肝平均检测阳性率最高的3个地区分别是博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、克拉玛依市和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州,均超过了3.40%,较低的3个地区为和田地区、阿勒泰地区和阿克苏地区,低于1.70%。 Moran's I分析显示新疆孕产妇的乙肝感染未出现空间聚集现象。  结论  新疆孕产妇乙肝检测率保持较高水平,孕期检测率逐年上升;孕产妇乙肝检测阳性率虽略有降低,但未呈下降趋势 ,并且地区间差异较大,呈区域随机性分布。应加强孕产妇人群的乙肝感染防控,进一步减少乙肝母婴传播。     

Genetic polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala on ethnic susceptibility to diabetes in Uygur, Kazak and Han subjects

1. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g Pro12Ala polymorphism affects susceptibility to diabetes in Uygur, Kazak and Han subjects in Xinjiang, China. 2. Uygur, Kazak and Han subjects from Kashi, Yili and Shawan (Xinjiang, China) were enrolled in the present study. The PPAR-g Pro12Ala polymorphism was determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Anthropometric and serum biological indices were monitored among different genotype carriers to examine the PPAR-g Pro12Ala gene polymorphism and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. 3. The distribution frequency of the Pro12Ala genotype did not differ between diabetic and non-diabetic Uygur, Kazak and Han subjects. However, the frequency of the A allele of Pro12Ala was significant different among non-diabetics, with frequencies of 11, 9 and 5% in Uygur, Kazak and Han groups, respectively. Using the c(2) test, it was shown that the frequency of the A allele in Uygurs (11%) was significantly higher than that in Han subjects (5%). To compare the wild-type (Pro/Pro) carriers in diabetics from each ethnic group, Ugyur subjects, who carry PPAR-g Pro12Ala (Pro/Ala), had a larger waist circumference and lower low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, Kazaks subjects showed larger waist circumference and higher high-density lipoprotein levels and Han subjects exhibited a high waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index. 4. The present study revealed that the allele and genotype frequency did not differ in diabetics and non-diabetics of each ethnic group. However, the frequency of the A allele was significantly different in non-diabetics from various ethnic groups. These data suggest that PPAR-g Pro12Ala may affect blood lipid levels and the abdominal fat storage of diabetic Ugyurs and Kazaks and may be associated with fat storage and insulin resistance in Hans.     

一起戊型肝炎爆发的流行病学调查分析

新疆伊宁县潘津乡苏拉宫村于1988年6月~1989年2月发生一起戊型肝炎爆发。全村共发病214例,罹患率为6.15%。发病以青壮年为主,20~24岁年龄组罹患率为17.90%;18~35岁孕妇罹患率明显高于同龄未孕妇女,差别有极显著性意义;孕妇发病较重,其病死率为5.88%,患者流产率为17.64%;黄疸病例占总病例数的76.74%,重症肝炎占2.47%。经流行病学调查、分析,认为饮用被污染的宅渠水,特别是饮生水是造成本次爆发的主要原因。其次,生活接触传播也是不可忽视的危险因素。     

维生素B6对减轻阿奇霉素胃肠道不良反应的临床随机对照研究

目的 了解维生素B6与阿奇霉紊静点时对减少(减轻)胃肠道不良反应的作用.方法 观察2004年重月到2005年12月本中心儿科感染性疾病应用阿奇霉素治疗的留观患儿200例,其中100例加用VitB6为治疗组;100例不加用VitB6为对照组.结果 治疗组胃肠道不良反应发生率为29%,对照组为93%,P＜0.01有显著性差异.结论 VitB6在预防和控制阿奇霉素引起的胃肠道不良反应上有较好的疗效.     

一起人炭疽疫情的疫源调查报告

2010年7月新疆某县报告了一起人感染炭疽疫情,通过对此次疫情进行流行病学调查,并采集相关样品进行实验室检测,经综合分析判定此次人炭疽疫情为家畜源性的.随后严格按照农业部颁布的<炭疽疫情防治技术规范>对此次疑似家畜炭疽疫情进行了及时处置,控制了疫情进一步的扩散.     

核磁共振成像对外伤性膝关节隐性骨折的诊断价值

目的探讨外伤性膝关节隐性骨折的核磁共振成像(MRI)表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析42例外伤性膝关节隐性骨折的类型、发生部位以及韧带和半月板损伤的MRI表现。结果 42例共有79处隐性骨折,其中隐性骨皮质下骨折(Ⅰ型)29例(69.05%),隐性骨皮质骨折(Ⅱ型)10例(23.81%),隐性骨软骨骨折(Ⅲ型)3例(7.14%)。53处隐性骨折发生于胫骨平台外侧和股骨外侧髁,伴有膝关节韧带损伤38例(83处)处和半月板损伤36例(58处),其中前交叉韧带损伤、内侧副韧带损伤和外侧半月板的损伤分别占40.96%(34/83)、31.33%(26/83)和55.17%(32/58)。MRI表现:Ⅰ型骨皮质下骨松质内范围较大的地图样、网格状和线状异常信号区。Ⅱ型关节软骨下骨皮质的低信号带中断,垂直或平行延伸于软骨下,与骨髓的高信号形成明显的对比。Ⅲ型关节软骨层次不清或者连续性中断,伴软骨下骨性关节面下陷变形。结论 MRI对外伤性膝关节隐性骨折具有较高的诊断价值,可成为首选的影像检查方法。     

Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine on thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in combination with Western medicine (WM) has been widely used worldwide. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM in prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsPotential studies were searched through the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, VIP, CNKI, and Wanfang databases up to February 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the thromboembolic events and/or safety outcome of TCM in patients with AF were included.ResultsA total of 905 AF patients from 9 RCTs were identified. Meta-analysis showed that TCM in combination with warfarin was better than warfarin alone for preventing total thromboembolic events with a 68% reduction of risk (risk ratio [RR] 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13–0.78) without increasing the risk of total bleeding (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.29–1.72). Compared with warfarin, TCM therapy was associated with lower risk of total bleeding (RR 0.13; 95% CI 0.04–0.47), but increased the risk of total thromboembolic events (RR 1.84; 95% CI 1.03–3.27).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that TCM combined with warfarin is superior to warfarin alone for the prevention of total thromboembolic events in patients with AF, with equal risk of bleeding as warfarin alone.     

新疆伊犁地区维、哈、汉族良性前列腺增生患者前列腺等离子电切术疗效的比较

目的比较新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族前列腺增生(BPH)患者等离子电切的疗效。方法研究695例新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族行前列腺手术的患者,对患者前列腺的体积、国际前列腺症状(IPSS)评分、生活质量评分、尿流率、手术时间、术后恢复及并发症的发生情况进行比较研究。结果维、哈、汉族3组患者前列腺体积分别为(62±13)g、(65±16)g、(46±11)g,手术时间分别为(70±21)min、(75±16)min、(40±10)min,术前IPSS评分分别为(23.4±3.9)分、(22.8±3.1)分、(27.5±4.3)分,尿流率分别为(8.1±2.5)mL/s、(8.6±3.1)mL/s、(6.1±1.9)mL/s,生活质量评分分别为(3.5±1.2)分、(3.8±1.6)分、(4.5±0.8)分,通过统计分析,发现这些指标在汉族与维、哈族之间存在差异(P<0.05),维、哈族之间不存在差异(P>0.05);术中术后并发症、术后恢复指标各组没有明显差异(P>0.05)。结论新疆伊犁地区前列腺增生患者汉族与维、哈族之间存在差异,等离子电切在治疗各民族患者良性前列腺增生症中具有很好的疗效。     

Changes in HMO Concentrations throughout Lactation: Influencing Factors,Health Effects and Opportunities

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important functional biomolecules in human breast milk. Understanding the factors influencing differences in HMO composition and changes in their concentration over lactation can help to design feeding strategies that are well-adapted to infant’s needs. This review summarises the total and individual concentration of HMOs from data published from 1999 to 2019. Studies show that the HMO concentrations are highest in colostrum (average 9–22 g/L), followed by slightly lower concentrations in transitional milk (average 8–19 g/L), with a gradual decline in mature milk as lactation progresses, from 6–15 g/L in breast milk collected within one month of birth, to 4–6 g/L after 6 months. Significant differences in HMO composition have been described between countries. Different HMOs were shown to be predominant over the course of lactation, e.g., 3-fucosyllactose increased over lactation, whereas 2′-fucosyllactose decreased. Recent clinical studies on infant formula supplemented with 2′-fucosyllactose in combination with other oligosaccharides showed its limited beneficial effect on infant health.